:root {
  --detail-ink: #10252b;
  --detail-muted: #587077;
  --detail-surface: #ffffff;
  --detail-soft: #f2f7f6;
  --detail-line: #d8e4e1;
  --detail-accent: #12a594;
  --detail-accent-strong: #087b70;
  --detail-warm: #f2a33a;
  --detail-hero: #071d22;
}

body.research-detail-page {
  background: var(--detail-surface);
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

.research-detail-page[data-theme="isac"] {
  --detail-accent: #16a1c5;
  --detail-accent-strong: #087a9a;
  --detail-warm: #ffb547;
}

.research-detail-page[data-theme="edge-networks"] {
  --detail-accent: #2f9e63;
  --detail-accent-strong: #187844;
  --detail-warm: #e7a93f;
}

.research-detail-page[data-theme="iot"] {
  --detail-accent: #008c82;
  --detail-accent-strong: #006e67;
  --detail-warm: #ee8d50;
}

.research-detail-page[data-theme="embodied-ai"] {
  --detail-accent: #d85b78;
  --detail-accent-strong: #ad3655;
  --detail-warm: #f0a43c;
}

.research-detail-page[data-theme="low-altitude-networks"] {
  --detail-accent: #3a8ed8;
  --detail-accent-strong: #1769ad;
  --detail-warm: #f29b38;
}

.detail-nav .navbar-brand {
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.detail-nav .nav-link.active {
  color: var(--detail-accent-strong) !important;
}

.research-hero {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 610px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--detail-hero);
  isolation: isolate;
}

.research-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -2;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.045) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.045) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 48px 48px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, #000 24%, #000);
}

.research-hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0;
  z-index: -1;
  height: 34%;
  background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(18, 165, 148, 0.1), transparent);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.research-hero__inner {
  width: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(420px, 0.9fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 4rem;
  padding-top: 4rem;
  padding-bottom: 4rem;
}

.research-breadcrumb {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-breadcrumb a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
}

.research-breadcrumb a:hover {
  color: #fff;
}

.research-breadcrumb i {
  font-size: 0.65rem;
}

.research-kicker {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: var(--detail-warm);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-kicker::before {
  content: "";
  width: 2.5rem;
  height: 2px;
  background: currentColor;
}

.research-hero h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #fff;
  background: none !important;
  -webkit-background-clip: border-box;
  background-clip: border-box;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: #fff !important;
  font-size: 4rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.research-hero__english {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.58);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.research-hero__lead {
  max-width: 690px;
  margin: 1.75rem 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.9;
}

.research-hero__motion-line {
  min-height: 2.1rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.research-hero__motion-line i {
  color: var(--detail-accent);
}

.rotating-phrase {
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: opacity 220ms ease, transform 220ms ease;
}

.rotating-phrase.is-changing {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(7px);
}

.research-hero__visual {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 560px;
  justify-self: end;
  aspect-ratio: 1.16;
}

.research-hero__visual::before,
.research-hero__visual::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.research-hero__visual::before {
  inset: 8%;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.research-hero__visual::after {
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  top: 12%;
  right: 16%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--detail-warm);
  box-shadow: 0 0 24px var(--detail-warm);
  animation: visualBeacon 2.4s ease-in-out infinite;
}

#researchCanvas {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
}

.visual-caption {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.65rem;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.62);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
}

.visual-caption::before {
  content: "";
  width: 1.7rem;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--detail-accent);
}

@keyframes visualBeacon {
  0%, 100% { transform: scale(0.75); opacity: 0.45; }
  50% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; }
}

.detail-section {
  padding: 6rem 0;
}

.detail-section--soft {
  background: var(--detail-soft);
}

.section-heading {
  max-width: 730px;
  margin-bottom: 3.2rem;
}

.section-heading__eyebrow {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  color: var(--detail-accent-strong);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.section-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  font-size: 2.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1.25;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.section-heading p {
  margin: 1rem 0 0;
  color: var(--detail-muted);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.85;
}

.research-pillars {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--detail-line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--detail-line);
}

.research-pillar {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 2.2rem 2.2rem 2.4rem;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--detail-line);
}

.research-pillar:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.research-pillar:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
  border-right: 0;
}

.research-pillar__index {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  color: var(--detail-accent-strong);
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.research-pillar h3 {
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.research-pillar p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--detail-muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.process-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr);
  gap: 5rem;
  align-items: start;
}

.process-copy {
  position: sticky;
  top: 118px;
}

.process-copy h2 {
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  font-size: 2.3rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.process-copy p {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--detail-muted);
  line-height: 1.85;
}

.process-list {
  position: relative;
}

.process-list::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 1.5rem;
  bottom: 1.5rem;
  left: 1.25rem;
  width: 1px;
  background: var(--detail-line);
}

.process-step {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 1.35rem;
  padding: 0 0 2.7rem;
}

.process-step:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.process-step__marker {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: 2.5rem;
  height: 2.5rem;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--detail-accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--detail-accent-strong);
  background: var(--detail-soft);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.process-step h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.process-step p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--detail-muted);
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.application-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
}

.application-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2.8rem 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
  align-items: start;
  min-height: 155px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--detail-line);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #fff;
  transition: border-color 240ms ease, transform 240ms ease, box-shadow 240ms ease;
}

.application-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  border-color: var(--detail-accent);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(16, 37, 43, 0.08);
}

.application-item__icon {
  width: 2.8rem;
  height: 2.8rem;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--detail-accent-strong);
}

.application-item h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.application-item p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--detail-muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.detail-quote {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-right: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 2rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--detail-warm);
  border-image: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  font-style: normal;
}

.detail-quote p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--detail-ink);
  font-size: 1.65rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.detail-quote span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  color: var(--detail-muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.next-research {
  padding: 4.5rem 0;
  color: #fff;
  background: var(--detail-hero);
}

.next-research__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.next-research__label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
  color: var(--detail-warm);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.next-research h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.next-research p {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.68);
}

.detail-action {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  min-height: 48px;
  padding: 0.75rem 1.15rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28);
  border-radius: 6px;
  color: #fff;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.detail-action:hover {
  color: var(--detail-hero);
  background: #fff;
  border-color: #fff;
}

.research-detail-page footer {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.reveal-item {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(22px);
  transition: opacity 650ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1), transform 650ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1);
}

.reveal-item.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.hero-reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(18px);
  animation: heroReveal 720ms cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1) forwards;
}

.hero-reveal:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 90ms; }
.hero-reveal:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 180ms; }
.hero-reveal:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 270ms; }
.hero-reveal:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 360ms; }

@keyframes heroReveal {
  to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

/* Detail-page motion is intentionally enabled independently of OS preferences. */
.research-detail-page .hero-reveal {
  animation-duration: 720ms !important;
  animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
}

.research-detail-page .research-hero__visual::after {
  animation-duration: 2.4s !important;
  animation-iteration-count: infinite !important;
}

.research-detail-page .rotating-phrase {
  transition-duration: 220ms !important;
}

.research-detail-page .reveal-item {
  transition-duration: 650ms !important;
}

.research-detail-page .application-item {
  transition-duration: 240ms !important;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
  .research-hero {
    min-height: auto;
  }

  .research-hero__inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    padding-top: 3.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 2.5rem;
  }

  .research-hero__visual {
    width: min(100%, 520px);
    justify-self: center;
    aspect-ratio: 1.7;
  }

  .process-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 2.5rem;
  }

  .process-copy {
    position: static;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .research-hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.65rem;
  }

  .research-hero__lead {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .research-hero__visual {
    aspect-ratio: 1.45;
  }

  .detail-section {
    padding: 4.25rem 0;
  }

  .section-heading h2,
  .process-copy h2 {
    font-size: 1.85rem;
  }

  .research-pillars {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-pillar,
  .research-pillar:first-child,
  .research-pillar:last-child {
    padding: 1.6rem 0;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--detail-line);
  }

  .research-pillar:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .research-pillar__index {
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
  }

  .application-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .application-item {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .detail-quote {
    padding-left: 1.3rem;
  }

  .detail-quote p {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
  }

  .next-research__inner {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}